Rational Design of High?Concentration Ti ³⁺ in Porous Carbon?Doped TiO ₂ Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis

Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis is exciting but quite challenging with a very moderate yield at present. One of the greatest challenges to develop highly active centers in photocatalyst for N2 reduction under ambient conditions. Herein, porous carbon-doped anatase TiOx (C-TiOx) nanosheets high-concentration sites Ti3+ are presented, which produced by layered Ti3SiC2 through reproducible bottom-up approach. It shown that major species significant increase photoreduction activity C-TiOx. Such substitutional doping C into TiO2 responsible both visible absorption and generation concentration. Together morphology loading Ru/RuO2 nanosized cocatalyst enhanced charge separation transfer, optimal C-TiOx Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio 72.1% shows high NH3 production rate 109.3 µmol g?1 h?1 visible-light irradiation remarkable apparent quantum efficiency 1.1% 400 nm, highest compared all TiO2-based photocatalysts